What was publicly known, who held responsibility, and how far their actions went.
Selected phases, October 2023–September 2025, with dated follow-through. The phase records below examine UK and US decisions; linked country records extend scrutiny to Germany and six other governments. It is not an exhaustive catalogue of incidents or a finding that every named officeholder committed a crime.
Contemporaneous mainstream reporting records what was publicly knowable. Official documents establish decisions. Green boxes list protective options; they do not claim those options were taken. Red boxes identify the evidenced gap. Explicit vetoes, unchanged policies and an unestablished response are different records.
Contemporaneous reports, warnings and decisions, with named officials and the protective measures available.
Read the permanent record for the evidence supporting this assessment.
Contemporaneous reports, warnings and decisions, with named officials and the protective measures available.
Read the permanent record for the evidence supporting this assessment.
Contemporaneous reports, warnings and decisions, with named officials and the protective measures available.
Read the permanent record for the evidence supporting this assessment.
Contemporaneous reports, warnings and decisions, with named officials and the protective measures available.
Read the permanent record for the evidence supporting this assessment.
Contemporaneous reports, warnings and decisions, with named officials and the protective measures available.
Read the permanent record for the evidence supporting this assessment.
Contemporaneous reports, warnings and decisions, with named officials and the protective measures available.
Read the permanent record for the evidence supporting this assessment.
Contemporaneous reports, warnings and decisions, with named officials and the protective measures available.
Read the permanent record for the evidence supporting this assessment.
Contemporaneous reports, warnings and decisions, with named officials and the protective measures available.
Read the permanent record for the evidence supporting this assessment.
Contemporaneous reports, warnings and decisions, with named officials and the protective measures available.
Read the permanent record for the evidence supporting this assessment.
Contemporaneous reports, warnings and decisions, with named officials and the protective measures available.
Read the permanent record for the evidence supporting this assessment.
Contemporaneous reports, warnings and decisions, with named officials and the protective measures available.
Read the permanent record for the evidence supporting this assessment.
Contemporaneous reports, warnings and decisions, with named officials and the protective measures available.
Read the permanent record for the evidence supporting this assessment.
No phases match these filters.
The UK business and trade secretary made licensing decisions, advised by the Foreign Office. Defence ministers shaped military cooperation and the F-35 assessment. Prime ministers set overall policy. At the UN, representatives acted for their governments; naming a mission head does not prove that person devised a policy independently.
[S103, S98, S105]| Period | UK responsibility | US responsibility |
|---|---|---|
| October 2023–July 2024 | Sunak, prime minister; Cleverly then Cameron, foreign affairs; Badenoch, export licensing; Shapps, defence. Woodward led the UK UN mission. | Biden, president; Blinken, secretary of state; Austin, defence; Thomas-Greenfield led the UN mission. |
| July 2024–January 2025 | Starmer, prime minister; Lammy, foreign affairs; Reynolds, licensing; Healey, defence. Woodward led the UN mission. | Biden, Blinken, Austin and the Thomas-Greenfield-led mission. |
| January–August 2025 | Starmer, Lammy, Reynolds and Healey; Woodward-led UN mission. | Trump, president; Rubio, secretary of state from 21 January; Hegseth, defence from 25 January. Shea is identified as acting UN ambassador at the June vote. |
| September 2025 vote | Starmer; Cooper, foreign affairs; Kyle, licensing; Healey, defence. | Trump, Rubio and Hegseth; the US mission cast the veto. |
Role sources: [S07, S08, S09, S24, S45, S99, S100, S101, S102, S104]
The judicial record identifies the licensing decision and the F-35 carve-out. The September decision letter relied on advice from the defence and foreign secretaries about wider security impacts. Reynolds was the licensing minister; Healey and Lammy held the advising posts. This identifies the decision chain in the court record.
[S45, S98]The Court of Appeal refused permission to appeal the rejection of the legal challenge in November 2025. The legal challenge did not secure removal of the exception. That procedural result does not settle every political criticism or every alleged violation in Gaza.
[S98]Selected votes relevant to these phases. A UK abstention is not a veto. A US abstention that allows adoption is not obstruction. The ledger includes positive UK votes, even where the arms-policy criticism remains.
| Date | UK | US | Text and record |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8 December 2023 | Abstained | Vetoed | Immediate humanitarian ceasefire [S91] |
| 20 February 2024 | Abstained | Vetoed | Immediate humanitarian ceasefire [S92] |
| 25 March 2024 | Voted in favour | Abstained | Ramadan ceasefire, resolution 2728 [S93] |
| 20 November 2024 | Voted in favour | Vetoed | Immediate unconditional permanent ceasefire [S32] |
| 4 June 2025 | Voted in favour | Vetoed | Ceasefire, hostage release and aid access [S94] |
| 18 September 2025 | Voted in favour | Vetoed | Ceasefire, hostage release and aid access [S95] |
In October 2024 the UK also co-convened an emergency meeting. In May 2025 it reported UN concerns and paused negotiations for a new trade agreement. A claim that the UK never raised complaints is contradicted by these records.
[S82, S97]Request the assessment date, the minister who authorised it, the conditions considered, and the evidence used to decide whether those conditions were met.
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